Virgils Aeneid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virgils Aeneid - Essay Example Believed to have been written circa 20 BC, this rhapsody illustrates the virtues of piety and duty on part of the hero. The grand scale and difficulty of the adventure of Aeneas provides several moments of examination of his virtuous qualities. In his mission to find the prophesied place where he is to build a new Troy, he is accompanied by his father, his baby son Iulus and a group of loyal companions. One could liken the sense of duty of Aeneus to that of Augustus. This is particularly true with respect to the filial piety shown by Aeneas, as illustrated by â€Å"his care for and deference towards his aged father Anchises.† (Whitehorne, 2005, p.1) The epitome of Aeneas’ sense of duty is the scene where he leaves the destroyed city of Troy by carrying his father on his back. After his father’s death, Aeneas will pray to the Gods to invoke divine honors for the deceased soul – an act reminiscent of Octavia appeasing the departed soul of his father Julius C aesar after the completion of the civil war. Aeneas’ sense of duty is also witnesses in his relationship toward his son Julus. For example, during the funeral games for Anchises, Aeneas leads the boys’ equestrian event in the first celebration of the Lusus Troiae, the Game of Troy. The death of his father is a crucial event in the moral development of Aeneas, whose sense of responsibility and resoluteness in accomplishing his objectives increases after the event. His sense of piety and duty thus undergoes a transformation for the good. For example, during the later half of the poem, we witness how Aeneas is brave and willing â€Å"to put duty before his own feelings, however great the cost personally as when he obeys the gods and leaves Dido† (Whitehorne, 2005, p.1). The view that Aeneid is a political poem is given credence by the details of his life and adventure. For example, Aeneid illustrates Aeneas’ ability as a politician and â€Å"a maker of alli ances as well as his personal valor (and vengeful ruthlessness) which we see come to the fore in the second half of the Aeneid. There is his foundation of cities and his scrupulous observance of religious rituals.† (Whitehorne, 2005, p1) Since in Ancient Rome, the message and moral content of classic literary works were respected by the ruling elite, the subject was used as a vehicle for politics and propaganda. For example, â€Å"The subject furnished political advantages. The legend unfolded in the Aeneid provided justification for Rome’s complex relationship with the Hellenic world, which involved military and political domination coupled with a certain cultural dependency. Representing Rome as a resurgence of a Troy destroyed by the Greeks gave the Roman conquest of Greece the coloring of legitimate revenge. Virgil did not miss the opportunity to put into the mouth of Jupiter, in a lengthy prophecy addressed to Venus, a proclamation that Rome would destroy the most renowned cities of Greece, which were responsible for the fall of Troy† (Brisson, 1989, p.22) Moreover, the view that the Aeneid has propagandist elements in it is learnt from how its author, Virgil, panders and praises Augustus, the then emperor of Rome. In his book Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos, author Robert Kaplan criticizes Virgil for his assumed role as an Augustan panegyrist. But this characterization of the author and his work is contested as it overlooks centuries of critical comment on Virgil’s works, questioning his â€Å"role as a state-sponsored propagandist†. (Harper, 2008, p.117) To narrow down Virgil to a mere propagandist and to equate his work to hyperbole

Analyze what a country must consider regarding the major issues of Essay

Analyze what a country must consider regarding the major issues of monetary and exchange rate policies - Essay Example The exchange rate policy of a country on the other hand works in synergy with the monetary policy as a means of effectively administering a variety and broad range of economic issues and policies. In general, it had been expressed that the exchange rate is a factor that enable and provide the monetary policy a basis to update and maintain rules and guidelines for economic engagements in the national and international arena (International Monetary Fund, 2004). Upon the determination of the main coverage of the concepts of the monetary and exchange rate policy, the main objective of determining the main issues targeted by the said policies is at hand. It can be considered that the policies related to the monetary and exchange rates of the country vary according to the respective economic capacity and standing. For that it is important to determine the issues, factors and concepts that a nation needs in relation to the said policies. In terms of the monetary policy of a nation, there are different categories of factors that affect the concept. These factors include inflation, economic output and employment with the concern on the effects of demand and supply of different goods which are defined and covered by the fiscal policy of a nation. These factors are monitored by a central body commonly referred to as the central bank of the country (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2007). The different monetary frameworks deal with the different issues related to the enforcement of the monetary policies. One is the inflation targeting framework that is aimed to establish a clear communication of the possible inflation rates planned for a nation with accountability guidelines in terms of the central bank actions regarding inflation objectives. Another important issue is related to the interaction of the exchange rate policy to monetary policy by acting as an anchor and basis of the monetary rates.